{"id":193,"date":"2019-10-28T10:54:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-28T10:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/?page_id=193"},"modified":"2024-03-17T20:16:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-17T20:16:25","slug":"the-bumblebee-is-an-endangered-species-because","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/","title":{"rendered":"Why is the bumblebee an endangered species?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"193\" class=\"elementor elementor-193\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-68d5294b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"68d5294b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a72b5cc\" data-id=\"3a72b5cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a6748ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a6748ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Why are bumblebees declining?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-688afb48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"688afb48\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b4e013f\" data-id=\"5b4e013f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6700d876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6700d876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a3db6db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a3db6db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62bc5817\" data-id=\"62bc5817\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e12fff4 elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-mobile elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-33917 elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"e12fff4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-chevron-down&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-background e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-e12fff4\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-299\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Why is the bumblebee an endangered species?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/jak-pomahat-cmelakum\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">How to help bumblebees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-301\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/nejbeznejsi-druhy-v-cr\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Types of bumblebees and bumblebee mimics in the Czech Republic<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/katalog-druhu-druhu-cmeaku-jednoducha-verze-a\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Bumblebee species catalogue version A<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31317\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/katalog-druhu-druhu-cmeaku-jednoducha-verze-b\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Bumblebee Species Catalogue Version B<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33949\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-cmelak-hajovy-bombus-lucorum\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">White-tailed bumblebee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18969\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-cmelak-lucni-bombus-pratorum\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Meadow bumblebee (Bombus pratorum)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22983\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-cmelak-rolni-bombus-pascuorum\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Common bumblebee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20319\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-cmelak-skalni-bombus-lapidarius\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Stone-tail bumblebee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33966\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelak-zemni-bombus-terrestris-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Buff-tailed bumblebee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20910\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-pacmelak-panensky-bombus-vestalis\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Large earth bumblebee (Bombus terrestris)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-38142\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">================================<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-302\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zivotni-cyklus-cmelaka\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">The life cycle of bumblebees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-303\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/jak-to-chodi-ve-cmelacim-hnizde\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">How things work in a bumblebee nest<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7721\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zimovani-cmelacich-matek\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Overwintering bumblebee queens<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4342\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zajimavosti-ze-zivota-cmelaku\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Interesting facts about bumblebees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33991\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/pacmelaci-a-cmelaci\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Bumblebees and bumblebees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-38179\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelak-a-jeho-parazite-a-predatori\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Bumblebee parasites and predators<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11708\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zavijec-cizopasny-a-cmelaci\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Vine weevil<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17659\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zabijacka-vosicka-melittobia-acasta-a-cmelaci\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">The parasitic wasp Melittobia acasta<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11462\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/tuhyci-a-jejich-spizirna\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Shrikes (Laniidae) \u2013 their hunting and larders<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-38143\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">===============================<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34014\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/lipy-a-casty-nalez-mrtvych-cmelaku-pod-nimi\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Dead bumblebees under the lime trees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-373\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelak-v-jazyce-ceskem-a-v-nareci\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Bumblebee in the Czech language and in dialect<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-569\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Back to homepage<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-e12fff4\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-299\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Why is the bumblebee an endangered species?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/jak-pomahat-cmelakum\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">How to help bumblebees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-301\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/nejbeznejsi-druhy-v-cr\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Types of bumblebees and bumblebee mimics in the Czech Republic<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/katalog-druhu-druhu-cmeaku-jednoducha-verze-a\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bumblebee species catalogue version A<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31317\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/katalog-druhu-druhu-cmeaku-jednoducha-verze-b\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bumblebee Species Catalogue Version B<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33949\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-cmelak-hajovy-bombus-lucorum\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">White-tailed bumblebee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18969\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-cmelak-lucni-bombus-pratorum\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Meadow bumblebee (Bombus pratorum)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22983\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-cmelak-rolni-bombus-pascuorum\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Common bumblebee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20319\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-cmelak-skalni-bombus-lapidarius\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Stone-tail bumblebee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33966\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelak-zemni-bombus-terrestris-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Buff-tailed bumblebee<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20910\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaciplus-katalog-druhu-cmelaku-pacmelak-panensky-bombus-vestalis\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Large earth bumblebee (Bombus terrestris)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-38142\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">================================<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-302\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zivotni-cyklus-cmelaka\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">The life cycle of bumblebees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-303\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/jak-to-chodi-ve-cmelacim-hnizde\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">How things work in a bumblebee nest<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7721\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zimovani-cmelacich-matek\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Overwintering bumblebee queens<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4342\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zajimavosti-ze-zivota-cmelaku\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Interesting facts about bumblebees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33991\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/pacmelaci-a-cmelaci\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bumblebees and bumblebees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-38179\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelak-a-jeho-parazite-a-predatori\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bumblebee parasites and predators<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11708\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zavijec-cizopasny-a-cmelaci\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Vine weevil<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-17659\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/zabijacka-vosicka-melittobia-acasta-a-cmelaci\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">The parasitic wasp Melittobia acasta<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11462\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/tuhyci-a-jejich-spizirna\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Shrikes (Laniidae) \u2013 their hunting and larders<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-38143\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">===============================<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34014\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/lipy-a-casty-nalez-mrtvych-cmelaku-pod-nimi\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Dead bumblebees under the lime trees<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-373\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelak-v-jazyce-ceskem-a-v-nareci\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bumblebee in the Czech language and in dialect<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-569\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Back to homepage<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-405b438a\" data-id=\"405b438a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-428a93b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"428a93b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bumblebees are among the protected animals in the Czech Republic \u2013 all species of bumblebee (Bombus sp.) are classified as endangered animals by Decree No. 395\/1992 Coll. (Annex III).<\/p><p>Why are bumblebees declining in our country?<\/p><p>The cause is not singular, but rather a whole series of them. They influence each other, and it's not uncommon for their effects to be potentiated.<\/p><h4><strong>Main factors behind the decline of bumblebees in the Czech Republic:<\/strong><\/h4><p><a href=\"#1\">Intensive agriculture with a prevalence of monocultures over large areas<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#2\">2) Inappropriate use of chemical agents in agriculture, but also in gardens<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#3\">3) Excessive soil eutrophication<\/a><\/p><p>4) Overly intensive beekeeping disproportionately to the food supply<\/p><h4><strong>other discussed factors, not yet fully confirmed by studies and research<\/strong><\/h4><p><a href=\"#5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">5) Climate change<\/a><\/p><p>6) Insect traps \u2013 for example, poorly made bark beetle traps, the use of yellow sticky boards for non-selective insect capture<\/p><p>7) Road transport<\/p><p><a href=\"#8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8) Inbreeding<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">9) Loss of host-parasite balance<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10) Import of bumblebee subspecies for the pollination of agricultural production<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"#11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11) Bumblebee \u201ebreeders\u201c<\/a><\/p><p><em>The highlighted points are discussed in more detail below; clicking on a point will take you directly to the relevant topic.<\/em><\/p><div id=\"attachment_2333\" style=\"width: 1276px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2333\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervenakniha.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1266\" height=\"1248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervenakniha.jpg 1096w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervenakniha-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervenakniha-768x757.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervenakniha-1024x1009.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/cervenakniha-1232x1214.jpg 1232w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1266px) 100vw, 1266px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2333\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Extract from the Red List of Threatened Species of the Czech Republic, 2017<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-095a213 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"095a213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"1\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-indent: -18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;\"><span style=\"mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">\u00a0 \u00a0<span style=\"font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><strong>Intensive agriculture with a predominance of monocultures over large areas<\/strong><\/h4><p>First and foremost, it is the change in land management \u2013 the transition from a mosaic landscape to the management of large areas and monocultures is one of the main causes of bumblebee decline, described as far back as the 1950s. In the Czech Republic, almost nothing has changed for the better since then. Although the current Minister of Agriculture has announced an amendment to the subsidy policy for farmers farming large fields, see media <a href=\"https:\/\/ct24.ceskatelevize.cz\/ekonomika\/2929070-sire-erozni-lany-minulosti-dotace-zemedelci-dostali-jen-na-30-hektaru-jednolite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">message here<\/a>. However, we will have to wait a little longer for the practical impacts. If long, open fields are disrupted by, for example, only a narrow 2-3m strip of temporary crop (e.g. honey clover), we probably cannot expect too much effect. Due to decades of agricultural intensification, bumblebees are losing both nesting opportunities and, above all, food sources, as monocultures provide a food source (if at all) for only a very limited time. The decline in food availability throughout their lives is considered the most significant factor in the decline of bumblebees in intensively farmed landscapes. That it can be done differently and just as effectively is shown by a comparison with our southern neighbour. We deliberately chose an area that has the same favourable growing conditions in both the Czech Republic and Austria. Both countries are EU member states with equal conditions regarding subsidy titles\u2026<\/p><div id=\"attachment_1922\" style=\"width: 1930px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1922\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1922\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/monokultura.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"913\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/monokultura.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/monokultura-300x143.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/monokultura-768x365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/monokultura-1024x487.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/monokultura-1232x586.jpg 1232w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/monokultura-1320x628.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-1922\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of different farming practices in the Czech Republic (monocultures) and Austria (smaller plots with species diversity). Selected area around Mikulov and Nov\u00fd P\u0159erov, where cultivation conditions are the same on both sides of the border.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d4a56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91d4a56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"2\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Inappropriate use of chemicals in agriculture and gardening<\/strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-2343 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/reldan-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/reldan-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/reldan.jpg 343w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><\/h4><p>It appears that bumblebees are, after all, more resistant to a range of insecticides than honeybees. Bumblebees of the species Bombus terrestris exhibited high resistance to most products in a bottle test, with the exception of a substance based on <strong>chlorpyrifos-methyl,<\/strong> in whom it was recorded <strong>High toxicity with high mortality even in low doses<\/strong>. These are the commercial preparations Reldan 22, Daskor, Spring apple tree kit.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>The preparation Daskor is primarily intended in agricultural production for the treatment of potatoes, oilseed rape, mustard, poppies and cereals (wheat and rye). Reldan 22 is also used in fruit orchards and ornamental nurseries. It is a preparation also intended for gardeners for the treatment of brassica vegetables, cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, apple trees, sour cherries, oilseed rape, chrysanthemums and strawberries.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>More for the bumblebee <strong>harmful insecticides<\/strong> were with an active ingredient <strong>spinosad<\/strong>\u00a0 (A broad-spectrum insecticide for treating the vast majority of ornamental and fruit trees, vegetables, strawberries, potatoes, and ornamental plants)<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0 <\/span>a<strong> indoxacarb<\/strong> Avaunt 15EC (for oilseed rape treatment), Explicit plus (cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and other vegetables, pome fruit, maize), Sindoxa (oilseed rape, vines), Steward (vegetables, maize, pome fruit, turf, fruit and ornamental nurseries, publicly accessible areas) <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0<\/span>Storage (vegetables, corn, pome fruit) <strong>In the case of mixtures, it was a combination of the substances thiram, difenoconazole, acetamiprid<\/strong><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>(tj Thiram Granuflo, Score 250 EC, Mospilan 20 SP).<\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\">Although a number of other preparations do not kill bumblebees directly, their negative impact on colony development, the number of reproductive individuals born, and their relative proportion in the nest cannot be ruled out. Research in this area is ongoing and is in the stage of partial studies.<\/p><p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2344\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/reldan-22-postrik-na-save-a-zrave-skudce-0.jpg.big_-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/reldan-22-postrik-na-save-a-zrave-skudce-0.jpg.big_-217x300.jpg 217w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/reldan-22-postrik-na-save-a-zrave-skudce-0.jpg.big_.jpg 325w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2346\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/steward-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"131\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2345 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/spintor-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/spintor-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/spintor.jpg 368w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2342 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/jarn\u00ed-souprava-na-jablon\u011b-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/jarn\u00ed-souprava-na-jablon\u011b-300x287.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/jarn\u00ed-souprava-na-jablon\u011b.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0a48a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0a48a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"3\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Eutrophication of soils<br \/><\/strong><\/h4><p>Plants rely primarily on biological processes to obtain nutrients for healthy growth. As human activity has increased the nutrient content in precipitation, natural ecosystems are gradually becoming eutrophic \u2013 forests and meadows are becoming more fertile. This, among other things, leads to a reduction in their overall biodiversity. Agriculture has long since ceased to rely solely on organic fertilisers (manure, fallowing). The massive application of mineral fertilisers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) increased agricultural yields during the 20th century. Unconsidered nutrient supply causes eutrophication and acidification of soils and surface waters, into which these fertilisers are washed away during rainfall.<\/p><p>The maps show the concentrations of major eutrophic parameters (nitrogen and phosphorus) in surface waters within our territory. It is evident that, especially in the agricultural areas of South Moravia and the Elbe Basin, the concentrations exceed both the legislative drinking water limits (50 mg NO3\/l and 0.15 mg P\/l) and the environmental quality limits (24 mg NO3\/l and 0.05 mg P\/l).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.klimatickazmena.cz\/cs\/vse-o-klimaticke-zmene\/eutrofizace-a-acidifikace-zivotniho-prostredi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> (taken from Klimatickazmena.cz)<\/a><\/p><div id=\"attachment_2353\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2353\" class=\"wp-image-2353 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eutrofizace-koncetrace-dusicnanu-cd245b314b3beb1a8db0c174d28ecb62.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eutrofizace-koncetrace-dusicnanu-cd245b314b3beb1a8db0c174d28ecb62.jpg 771w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eutrofizace-koncetrace-dusicnanu-cd245b314b3beb1a8db0c174d28ecb62-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eutrofizace-koncetrace-dusicnanu-cd245b314b3beb1a8db0c174d28ecb62-768x497.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2353\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Concentration of nitrates in surface waters.<br \/>Source \u2013 Climate Change.cz<\/p><\/div><p>\u00a0<\/p><div id=\"attachment_2352\" style=\"width: 781px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2352\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2352\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eutrofizace-koncetrace-fosforu-8f6aaa1f9dafabea78cafa65d2d63076.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eutrofizace-koncetrace-fosforu-8f6aaa1f9dafabea78cafa65d2d63076.jpg 771w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eutrofizace-koncetrace-fosforu-8f6aaa1f9dafabea78cafa65d2d63076-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/eutrofizace-koncetrace-fosforu-8f6aaa1f9dafabea78cafa65d2d63076-768x492.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2352\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Concentration of total phosphorus in surface water<br \/>Source: Climate Change.cz<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-393c16a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"393c16a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"5\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Climate change<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The global impacts of warming are not yet as noticeable in the Czech Republic. However, the average temperature increase can change the timing of life cycles and shift the distribution boundaries of individual species. The bumblebee is a representative of insects adapted to a cooler climate. Unlike many other pollinators, it has the ability to be active even in cold or poor weather.<\/p>\n<p>To what extent do bumblebees influence the climate, this was addressed in a paper published in the journal *Science* in 2015., <a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/349\/6244\/177.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kerr et al., Science 349, 177\u2013180, 2015.<\/a> The authors endeavoured to ascertain how bumblebees in Europe and North America are affected by climate. For their analyses, they utilised over 400,000 data points on the distribution of 67 European and North American bumblebee species spanning the years 1901 to 2010. The data indicate that in both Europe and North America, bumblebees are declining sharply, primarily in the southern parts of their distribution. Since 1974, losses of their historical territory have reached up to 300 km from south to north. This means that bumblebees are rapidly declining, particularly in the warmest parts of their range. This change is very consistent with phylogeny \u2013 related bumblebee species generally exhibit a similar trend in range contraction. Compared to other insect groups, bumblebees are expanding barely further north. This holds true on both continents. Species that tend to live in southern regions are occupying higher altitudes. Since 1974, they have ascended by an average of 300 m.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/biorisk.pensoft.net\/articles.php?id=4749\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P. Rasmont and colleagues in the study Climatic risk and distribution atlas of European bumblebees. (BioRisk 10, 1\u2013236, 2015)&nbsp;<\/a> They evaluated the current bumblebee populations and used climate models to estimate their distribution between 2050 and 2100. The outlook is not optimistic. Out of 80 European species, only 3 species would benefit from climate change models.<\/p>\n<p>For now, bumblebees here are more threatened by associated extreme weather fluctuations in connection with climate change. Sudden heavy rainfall accompanied by floods leads to the destruction of many nests.<\/p>\n<p>Other factors are being considered, but convincing data supported by quality studies is currently lacking:<\/p>\n<p>Warm autumns and mild winters can disrupt life cycles and lead to increased mortality in young mothers.<\/p>\n<p>2.) Spring weather fluctuations. Bumblebee queens are not bothered by gradual temperature changes, but sharp alternations between summer days and frosty days exhaust them, and many nests may therefore perish in the initial stage.<\/p>\n<p>Hot, dry summers or, conversely, long rainy periods result in a decline in food resources, which is exacerbated by changes in the landscape. It can be assumed that weakened nests will not produce a sufficient number of queens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c143acc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c143acc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee33a41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee33a41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>The following factors are at the level of assumptions and hypotheses. We do not have enough convincing evidence\/studies for them within the Czech Republic.<\/strong><\/h5><h5><strong>However, we are also listing them because we welcome expert assistance in verifying them (or guidance to published work that addresses the mentioned risks).<\/strong><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4589a27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4589a27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c735 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e7c735\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"8\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Inbreeding <\/strong><\/h4><p>The loss of natural nesting spaces in monoculture landscapes results in a reduced living space for bumblebees as well as fewer opportunities for them to establish and raise their offspring. Consequently, on a smaller area, there is a decrease in the overall population and more frequent inbreeding than in a mosaic-managed landscape. Inbreeding leads to changes in the composition of individual bumblebee colony representatives, as demonstrated by experiments in laboratory breeding. As a result, half of the eggs laid by the queen hatch into diploid males instead of females: workers or queens. The nest is consequently weakened, perishes prematurely, and does not produce a sufficient number of new queens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37f978c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"37f978c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"9\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Loss of balance in the parasite-host relationship<\/strong><\/h4><p>Bumblebees have a number of pests, and although clear scientific evidence is lacking in this area, it can be assumed that disrupting natural diversity also affects this area. Humans often contribute unknowingly through their conservation activities. Uncleaned bird boxes become <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28547150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a safe overwintering site for the feared bumblebee pest \u2013 the wax moth (Aphomia sociella).<\/a> Sub-tasks indicate a potential <a href=\"https:\/\/entomologistlounge.wordpress.com\/2017\/09\/18\/insect-hotels-a-refuge-or-a-fad\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">negative impact of insect hotels<\/a> and the possibilities of expansive parasite spread from them. The very benefit of bee hotels for solitary bees in this context is also disputed by\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fevo.2014.00086\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latest work from Germany \u2013 read it here. <\/a>For example, Melittobia acasta, which primarily attacks the nest cavities of solitary bees but also bumblebee nests, is also being discussed. You can find a paper warning of the potential risks of the spread of this wasp from such nesting boxes. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/281288212_Parasitisation_of_leaf-cutter_bees_Megachilidae_Apoidea_by_Melittobia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43066a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43066a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"10\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Import of bumblebee subspecies for the pollination of agricultural production<\/strong><\/h4><p>Invasion of non-native subspecies, particularly buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris terrestris and Bombus terrestris dalmatinus), for the pollination of greenhouses and gardens.<\/p><div id=\"attachment_10\" style=\"width: 285px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10\" class=\"wp-image-10 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/krabice.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of importing bumblebees from commercial breeding facilities for greenhouse pollination<\/p><\/div><p>The nests of these bumblebees are usually very strong, capable of producing many queens that are larger and stronger than queens from our native nests, giving them a competitive advantage. The domestic population, otherwise best adapted to our conditions, can thus come under selective pressure and may ultimately be replaced by these non-native subspecies.<\/p><p>\u00a0In connection with the import of these herds from abroad, the risk of introducing diseases or parasites cannot be entirely ruled out.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c74b01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c74b01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"11\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Bumblebee breeders<\/strong><\/h4><p>And bumblebee breeders can contribute rather negatively. Inexpert collection of searching queens from nature, escalating to hunting, can ultimately reduce the local population.<\/p><p>Likewise <strong>settling into structurally completely unsuitable ulcers, or leaving ulcers without further care<\/strong> results in the destruction of a bumblebee colony thus established before it can produce a sufficient number of new sexual individuals for the following year.<\/p><p>Such a breeder too often becomes more of a multiplier of bumblebee parasites, which also threaten natural nests in the vicinity.<\/p><p>And finally, there are breeders who simply <strong>They want to have bumblebees at all costs.<\/strong> The only way to acquire a bumblebee with demonstrably Czech origins is through the Czech Bumblebee facility at the Forage Crop Research Institute, s.r.o. Nests there are usually reserved within a few hours of the offer going live, and so some interested breeders prefer to order from vendors importing nests from abroad, thereby endangering biodiversity, as we have stated above. We strongly warn against such purchases, as vendors, seeing an opportunity for profit, calculatedly exploit people's ignorance and often present imports as \u201chelp\u201c for bumblebees. Until a final assessment is made by the Ministry of the Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture, the release or escape of these bumblebees into the wild must be considered a serious risk and a factor threatening native bumblebee species in our environment.<\/p><p>\u00a0 Why the Czech bumblebee, besides the factors we've listed, you can<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ceskycmelak.cz\/proc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Read also here.<\/a><\/p><div id=\"attachment_8\" style=\"width: 324px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8\" class=\"wp-image-8\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cmelai.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"314\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cmelai.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cmelai-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 314px) 100vw, 314px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of a sold nest for bumblebee breeders. However, these bumblebees are intended for pollinating greenhouses.<\/p><\/div><div id=\"attachment_2372\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2372\" class=\"wp-image-2372\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/65720868_458225391675848_5173495971564224512_o-e1575880912420.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/65720868_458225391675848_5173495971564224512_o-e1575880912420.jpg 652w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/65720868_458225391675848_5173495971564224512_o-e1575880912420-287x300.jpg 287w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2372\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A breeder's nest completely devoured due to neglecting entrance protection.<br \/>The larvae of Aphomia sociella pupated behind a plastic insert within a wooden body.<\/p><\/div><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Many people (like us \ud83d\ude42) become captivated by bumblebees. Ondra has even developed a diagnosis for it (it's not yet internationally recognised in the ICD), and he has a number of hives in his garden, and depending on the tolerance of his immediate neighbours, even dozens of them. Here too, it is necessary to emphasize the potential negative risks of such beekeeping:<\/p><ul><li>the transmission of parasites or diseases from hive to hive due to the loss of distance barriers<\/li><li>Perhaps competition for food resources if there are not enough of them<\/li><\/ul><p>If a breeder of a larger number of bumblebees prefers or specialises in only one species, and furthermore, that species is stronger and more competitive than other species (e.g. Bombus terrestris and Bombus lapidarius), then their breeding can ultimately be rather harmful, as the following must be considered:<\/p><ul><li>risks of inbreeding and competition between mothers in spring for nesting space in the vicinity (a number of young mothers like to return to their original nesting sites in spring and look for suitable conditions for establishing a nest)<\/li><li>possible selective pressure mentioned in the point above on other natural bumblebee populations in the vicinity\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>If you are interested in breeding and respect the principle of \"first, do no harm\", please<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/unnecessary-first-consideration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Please read our paper here<\/a><\/p><p>How to choose the right beehive, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/how-to-choose-the-right-bike\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">We have stated here<\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\">Author of the text KK<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">You can see what it's like at the breeder's, to whom the bumblebee sisters return \u201ehome\u201c in the video below.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-735ac89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"735ac89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/JNrHGZv9kLM?t=20&quot;,&quot;start&quot;:20,&quot;end&quot;:260,&quot;mute&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pro\u010d \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f \u00fab\u00fdv\u00e1 ? \u010cmel\u00e1ci pat\u0159\u00ed v \u010cR mezi chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy &#8211; v\u0161echny druhy \u010dmel\u00e1ka (Bombus sp.) jsou vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou\u00a0 395\/1992 sb. (p\u0159\u00edloha III.)\u00a0 \u0159azeny mezi ohro\u017een\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy. Pro\u010d \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f u n\u00e1s ub\u00fdv\u00e1 ? P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina nen\u00ed jen jedna, je jich cel\u00e1 \u0159ada. Vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed a nez\u0159\u00eddka m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet i potenciaci \u00fa\u010dinku. Hlavn\u00ed faktory \u00fabytku \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f&nbsp;&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19123,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"wf_page_folders":[19],"class_list":["post-193","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pro\u010d je \u010dmel\u00e1k ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem? &#8211; \u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rozbor p\u0159\u00ed\u010din d\u016fsledk\u016f a faktor\u016f vedouc\u00ed k mizen\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f z na\u0161\u00ed krajiny. I chov \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f v \u00falech m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 rizika pro p\u0159\u00edrodu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/the-bumblebee-is-an-endangered-species-because\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pro\u010d je \u010dmel\u00e1k ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem? &#8211; \u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rozbor p\u0159\u00ed\u010din d\u016fsledk\u016f a faktor\u016f vedouc\u00ed k mizen\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f z na\u0161\u00ed krajiny. I chov \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f v \u00falech m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 rizika pro p\u0159\u00edrodu.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/the-bumblebee-is-an-endangered-species-because\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cmelaciplus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-17T20:16:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@cmelaci\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pro\u010d je \u010dmel\u00e1k ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem? &#8211; \u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-28T10:54:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-17T20:16:25+00:00\",\"description\":\"Rozbor p\u0159\u00ed\u010din d\u016fsledk\u016f a faktor\u016f vedouc\u00ed k mizen\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f z na\u0161\u00ed krajiny. I chov \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f v \u00falech m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 rizika pro p\u0159\u00edrodu.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":768,\"caption\":\"\u010cmel\u00e1k rokytov\u00fd (Bombus hypnorum) na l\u00edp\u011b sr\u010dit\u00e9 (Tilia cordata) Foto: Keila\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pro\u010d je \u010dmel\u00e1k ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS\",\"description\":\"\u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS Pom\u00e1h\u00e1me \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016fm a p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b -  Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed encyklopedie \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS z.s.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/cropped-cropped-CMELACI_PLUS_LOGO-removebg-preview-e1776883782982.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/11\\\/cropped-cropped-CMELACI_PLUS_LOGO-removebg-preview-e1776883782982.png\",\"width\":50,\"height\":50,\"caption\":\"\u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS z.s.\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/cmelaciplus\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/cmelaci\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCHMo-5xkRu3J-vM9UVzOl9Q\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Why are bumblebees an endangered species? \u2013 Bumblebees PLUS","description":"Analysis of the causes, consequences, and factors leading to the disappearance of bumblebees from our landscape. Even bumblebee husbandry in hives carries risks for nature.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/the-bumblebee-is-an-endangered-species-because\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pro\u010d je \u010dmel\u00e1k ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem? &#8211; \u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS","og_description":"Rozbor p\u0159\u00ed\u010din d\u016fsledk\u016f a faktor\u016f vedouc\u00ed k mizen\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f z na\u0161\u00ed krajiny. I chov \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f v \u00falech m\u00e1 sv\u00e1 rizika pro p\u0159\u00edrodu.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/the-bumblebee-is-an-endangered-species-because\/","og_site_name":"\u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cmelaciplus","article_modified_time":"2024-03-17T20:16:25+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":768,"url":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@cmelaci","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"14 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/","url":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/","name":"Why are bumblebees an endangered species? \u2013 Bumblebees PLUS","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg","datePublished":"2019-10-28T10:54:21+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-17T20:16:25+00:00","description":"Analysis of the causes, consequences, and factors leading to the disappearance of bumblebees from our landscape. Even bumblebee husbandry in hives carries risks for nature.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg","width":1024,"height":768,"caption":"\u010cmel\u00e1k rokytov\u00fd (Bombus hypnorum) na l\u00edp\u011b sr\u010dit\u00e9 (Tilia cordata) Foto: Keila"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/proc-je-cmelak-ohrozenym-druhem\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Dom\u016f","item":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pro\u010d je \u010dmel\u00e1k ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/","name":"Bumblebees PLUS","description":"Bumblebees PLUS We help bumblebees and nature - A unique encyclopaedia of bumblebees","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/#organization","name":"Bumblebees PLUS z.s.","url":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/cropped-cropped-CMELACI_PLUS_LOGO-removebg-preview-e1776883782982.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/cropped-cropped-CMELACI_PLUS_LOGO-removebg-preview-e1776883782982.png","width":50,"height":50,"caption":"\u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS z.s."},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/cmelaciplus","https:\/\/x.com\/cmelaci","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCHMo-5xkRu3J-vM9UVzOl9Q"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=193"}],"version-history":[{"count":60,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33929,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/193\/revisions\/33929"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wf_page_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_page_folders?post=193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}