{"id":629,"date":"2019-11-09T16:24:24","date_gmt":"2019-11-09T16:24:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/?page_id=629"},"modified":"2024-03-15T21:59:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T21:59:32","slug":"melancholy-and-the-faded-lindens","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaci-plus-vrazedne-lipy\/","title":{"rendered":"Murderous lime trees?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"629\" class=\"elementor elementor-629\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-706a2b53 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"706a2b53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-312d845e\" data-id=\"312d845e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77ff858d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77ff858d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Findings of dead bumblebees under lime trees - a review article<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3ca8bdde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3ca8bdde\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-639d2734\" data-id=\"639d2734\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34f494c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"34f494c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6765470b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6765470b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2064ba4\" data-id=\"2064ba4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8903c0 elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-mobile elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-33850 elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"f8903c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-chevron-down&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-background e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-f8903c0\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/pomoc-cmelakum-na-jare\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Helping bumblebees in spring<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33904\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/nalez-cmelaciho-hnizda-v-prirode\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Discovery of a bumblebee nest in the wild<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-636\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/aby-obecni-bylo-nejen-obcanu\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Public green space improvement options<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8634\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/deska-cti-kraje-mesta-obce\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Bumblebee Hall of Fame implementation by municipalities and cities<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-635\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaci-plus-vrazedne-lipy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Murderous lime trees?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33487\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/opylovaci-sluzba-a-metodika-mzp\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Pollination service and methodology of the Ministry of the Environment<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-638\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Back to introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-f8903c0\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/pomoc-cmelakum-na-jare\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Helping bumblebees in spring<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33904\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/nalez-cmelaciho-hnizda-v-prirode\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Discovery of a bumblebee nest in the wild<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-636\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/aby-obecni-bylo-nejen-obcanu\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Public green space improvement options<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8634\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/deska-cti-kraje-mesta-obce\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bumblebee Hall of Fame implementation by municipalities and cities<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nmr-administrator nmr-editor nmr-author menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-635\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/cmelaci-plus-vrazedne-lipy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Murderous lime trees?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33487\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/opylovaci-sluzba-a-metodika-mzp\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Pollination service and methodology of the Ministry of the Environment<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-638\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Back to introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c45d0a5\" data-id=\"7c45d0a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9875f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9875f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"#\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><em><strong>What you will learn here<\/strong><\/em><\/h4><ul><li><em>Why do we find dead bumblebees under flowering lime trees during the summer?<\/em><\/li><li><em>Are lime trees toxic, or are there dead bumblebees for another reason?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-147ef7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"147ef7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"#\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Date of last update: 20\/07\/2021<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5142daf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5142daf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"1\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Contents<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong><a href=\"#1\">Introduction<\/a><br \/><a href=\"#2\">What about linden trees and the dead bumblebees you find beneath them?<\/a><\/strong><br \/><strong><a href=\"#3\">Appearances can be deceiving.<\/a><\/strong><br \/><strong><a href=\"#4\">First hypothesis<\/a><\/strong><br \/><strong><a href=\"#5\">Second hypothesis<\/a><\/strong><br \/><strong><a href=\"#6\">So, let's summarise.<\/a><br \/><a href=\"#7\">All right, so bumblebees are lying under the lime trees, why is that?<\/a><\/strong><br \/><strong><a href=\"#8\">Third hypothesis<\/a><br \/><\/strong><strong><a href=\"#9\">Conclusion<\/a><br \/><a href=\"#10\">Regarding the lime trees from our article<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b37560 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b37560\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"1\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h4><p>To start with, straight away <strong>Thank you<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Thank you to our editorial colleague, <strong>Dr K. Ku\u010dera<\/strong> for his text and analysis. We published the article on our Facebook page \u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS in 2019. Since then, it has been frequently cited, and we believe, rightly so.<\/p><p>The \u201eman-eating tree\u201c type of HOAX, so often cited in literature, certainly deserves this explanation.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d32b7ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d32b7ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"2\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>What about linden trees and the dead bumblebees you find beneath them?<\/strong><\/h4><p>You've surely also noticed the repeated <b>disaster reports <\/b>of hundreds of dead or dying bumblebees under blooming non-native lime trees (primarily *Tilia tomentosa* (also sometimes with the Czech name applied as silver linden))<em> Silver Lime<\/em>, lime trees<em>*T. euchlora*.<\/em>)\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ca1cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ca1cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19141\" style=\"width: 2570px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19141\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19141\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Are lime trees really deadly?\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542-1232x693.jpg 1232w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-scaled-e1626815258542-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19141\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Are lime trees really murderous?<br \/>Photo O. Hercog 7\/2021<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0cd12a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0cd12a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"#\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 16px;\">Using common sense, simple logic and the \u201eseeing is believing\u201c principle, the matter seems clear \u2013 a non-native species of linden contains something that kills bumblebees. Be it nectar or pollen, or indeed some kind of toxin contained within the flower or plant. <br \/>And so let's start the chainsaws and get rid of those invasive species...\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>So why do we write about it?<\/p><p>This is a prime example of,<strong> how little we know about nature<\/strong>, ...how little we understand about relationships in nature, and how things that seem clear at first glance, according to common sense, turn out to be complicated.<\/p><p>And also a bit of justification on why we believe that even for bumblebee husbandry <strong>cannot be accessed in the style of simple solutions<\/strong> There is an opinion that bumblebee farming is easy compared to bee keeping and pretty much for everyone, all you need is a hive, a lid and bedding... But on the contrary, it is still an unexplored area, where one must constantly search, gather information, evaluate it, even in the context of a rapidly changing climate, and adapt farming accordingly, which is why we have joined together and founded this website.\u00a0<\/p><p>Well, if you are interested in how it is with this \u201emass bumblebee killer lime tree\u201c, then<strong> read on<\/strong> \u2026.<\/p><p>PS. You can put the pill back in its case with peace of mind.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-35374da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"35374da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-df8ebce\" data-id=\"df8ebce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2f7633 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2f7633\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19020\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19020\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19020\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-1-Wikipedia.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Silver Linden - Tilia tomentosa - Wikipedia\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-1-Wikipedia.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-1-Wikipedia-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19020\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silver lime<br \/>Photo: Wikipedia<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-940d1ef\" data-id=\"940d1ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8576d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8576d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19021\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19021\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19021\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-2-Wikipedia.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Silver Linden - Tilia tomentosa - Wikipedia\" width=\"600\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-2-Wikipedia.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-2-Wikipedia-300x216.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19021\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silver lime<br \/>Photo: Wikipedia<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c0d94e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c0d94e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c718ec\" data-id=\"1c718ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d54fb72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d54fb72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19044\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19044\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19044\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-1-Wikipedia.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Green Lime (Tilia euchlora) - Wikipedia\" width=\"800\" height=\"1069\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-1-Wikipedia.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-1-Wikipedia-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-1-Wikipedia-766x1024.jpg 766w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-1-Wikipedia-768x1026.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19044\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lime tree (Tilia euchlora)<br \/>Photo: Wikipedia<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-58a8983\" data-id=\"58a8983\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d1fcba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d1fcba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19045\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19045\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19045\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-2-Wikipedia.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Green Lime (Tilia euchlora) - Wikipedia\" width=\"1024\" height=\"766\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-2-Wikipedia.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-2-Wikipedia-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-zelena-Tilia-euchlora-2-Wikipedia-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19045\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lime tree (Tilia euchlora)<br \/>Photo: Wikipedia<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-070ed77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"070ed77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"3\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><b>Appearances can be deceiving.<\/b><\/h4><p>The matter at first seemed clear \u2013 after<strong>Among the dead insects found in the mature lime trees, 87% bumblebees were identified, of which 99% were ground-nesting and tree-dwelling bumblebees<\/strong> (Muehlen et al. 1992).<\/p><p>It was therefore assumed that the problem was partly due to the small amount of nectar and partly to the nectar of these lime trees containing a toxin that causes mass die-offs. Lime trees tolerate urban environments well, they are decorative, and moreover, our \u201ecommon\u201c tree, so it is not surprising that they are used in urban architecture. Lime trees are a rich source of pollen and partly of nectar for bees, which are their main pollinators.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>There are approximately 30 known species of lime trees, but the death of bumblebees has been recorded not only beneath some exotic species but also beneath the small-leaved lime (also known as the small-leaved lime tree). <em>(T. cordata) <\/em>and to a lesser extent, large-leaved linden <em>(T. platyphyllos).<\/em><\/p><p>All kinds of lime trees <b>They bloom profusely in June and July<\/b>, Their flowering periods overlap considerably.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"><strong>The large-leaved lime first begins to flower<\/strong> and vice versa <strong>Lime tree<\/strong> is a species that <strong>Blooms latest<\/strong>The flowers have numerous stamens and are easily accessible to short-tongued pollinators.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ba644b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ba644b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ed2d6e\" data-id=\"2ed2d6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b44a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b44a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19059\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADpa_malolist%C3%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19059\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19059\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-malolista-Tilia-cordata-1-iPrima.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Small-leaved Lime (Tilia cordata) - iPrima\" width=\"620\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-malolista-Tilia-cordata-1-iPrima.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-malolista-Tilia-cordata-1-iPrima-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19059\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small-leaved lime<br \/>Photo: iPrima<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-be4d2a3\" data-id=\"be4d2a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26de1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26de1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19060\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADpa_malolist%C3%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19060\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19060\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-malolista-Tilia-cordata-2-iPrima.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Small-leaved Lime (Tilia cordata) - iPrima\" width=\"620\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-malolista-Tilia-cordata-2-iPrima.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-malolista-Tilia-cordata-2-iPrima-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19060\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Small-leaved lime<br \/>Photo: iPrima<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8981b54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8981b54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-95ccdfb\" data-id=\"95ccdfb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-655351a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"655351a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19070\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADpa_velkolist%C3%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19070\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19070\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-velkolista-Tilia-platyphyllos-1-Botany_CZ.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Large-leaved Lime (Tilia platyphyllos) - Botany.CZ\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-velkolista-Tilia-platyphyllos-1-Botany_CZ.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-velkolista-Tilia-platyphyllos-1-Botany_CZ-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-velkolista-Tilia-platyphyllos-1-Botany_CZ-768x1024.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19070\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Large-leaved lime<br \/>Photo: Botany.CZ<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-25392a7\" data-id=\"25392a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5641be2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5641be2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19071\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADpa_velkolist%C3%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19071\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19071\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-velkolista-Tilia-platyphyllos-2-Botany_CZ.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Large-leaved Lime (Tilia platyphyllos) - Botany.CZ\" width=\"570\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-velkolista-Tilia-platyphyllos-2-Botany_CZ.jpg 570w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-velkolista-Tilia-platyphyllos-2-Botany_CZ-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19071\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Large-leaved lime<br \/>Photo: Botany.CZ<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cded15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cded15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8faa1af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8faa1af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"4\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>First hypothesis<\/strong><\/h4><p>First hypothesis<span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">, that the deaths of bumblebees are caused by <\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"><b>a substance contained in pollen or nectar, has not been confirmed<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">Scientists initially suspected that mannose, a nectar sugar that is difficult for bumblebees to digest, was to blame.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">In 1977, Mandel and, in 1994, Hagen even classified mannose among bee poisons. However, mannose was not found in the nectar or pollen of lime trees (Baal et al. 1991, Denker et al. 1992, Jacquemart et al. 2018). Nectar can also contain a number of other potentially toxic substances from the alkaloid, phenol, and other compound groups. Suspicion therefore fell on the alkaloid nicotine, for which the lethal dose for bees is 12.3 mmol\/l (Detzel and Wink 1993), whereas a toxic level was observed in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) at only 0.1 mmol\/l (Tiedeken et al. 2014). \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">Detailed c<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"><b>chemical analysis also did not find any presence<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"><b>with concentrations that could cause toxicity<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">. (Jacquemart et al. 2018).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8120f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8120f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19026\" style=\"width: 1010px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19026\" class=\"wp-image-19026 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-a-cmelak-zemni-Hana-Krizenecka-Blankoridli-v-Praze.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Silver Linden and Buff-tailed Bumblebee - Hana Kr\u00ed\u017eeneck\u00e1 - White-winged in Prague\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-a-cmelak-zemni-Hana-Krizenecka-Blankoridli-v-Praze.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-a-cmelak-zemni-Hana-Krizenecka-Blankoridli-v-Praze-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Lipa-stribrna-a-cmelak-zemni-Hana-Krizenecka-Blankoridli-v-Praze-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19026\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silver linden and buff-tailed bumblebee<br \/>Photo: H. K\u0159\u00ed\u017eeneck\u00e1<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5301c08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5301c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"5\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"><b>Second hypothesis<\/b><\/span><\/h4><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">The second hypothesis<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"> then it was, <\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">\u017e<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">e <b>Lime blossoms do not contain enough nectar<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">, which is something like a bumblebee <\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"><b>fuel<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">Without an energy source from nectar, bumblebees are unable to fly or maintain thermoregulation and therefore perish under trees from exhaustion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">This possibility was reinforced by the fact that deaths are not regular, but only occur in certain years under a combination of other circumstances, primarily average temperatures and rainfall.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">In 1993, authors Baal and Surholt demonstrated by weighing bumblebees entering and exiting a hive under lime trees that the bumblebees on the lime trees carried minimal nectar, and simultaneously, their mortality rate increased. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">In their 2018 paper, Jacquemart et al. found that the common lime <\/span><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">(T. europea)<\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"> (Hybrid of large-leaved lime and small-leaved lime) and woolly lime <\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"><b>they have a denser bloom<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"> than small-leaved lime and large-leaved lime. Downy-leaved lime also has<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"><b> Many more flowers<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"> overall in comparison with the other 3 monitored species. The amount of nectar in silver lime and small-leaved lime was twice as high as in the flowers of common lime and large-leaved lime.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">Even more interestingly, the analysis of sugars in nectar by the mentioned authors turned out as follows. In the woolly lime tree, there were<\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"><b> sugar concentration 2x higher <\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">than in large-leaved and common lime trees, and even 4x larger than in small-leaved lime tree. This variability was primarily due to the concentrations of the key sugar \u2013 sucrose. The ratios of sucrose (disaccharide) \/ hexoses (monosaccharides) differed significantly between lime species. Sucrose was the dominant sugar in the nectar of woolly-leaved lime, whereas in the nectar of common lime <\/span><em style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">(T. europea)<\/em><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">\u00a0 was the dominant sugar monosaccharide.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">The above therefore does not correlate well with the initial hypothesis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">The attempt by the aforementioned authors was also interesting, where bumblebees had no other pollination option for 6 days than from the specified lime flowers. Bumblebees pollinating exclusively small-leaved lime and bumblebees pollinating exclusively felted lime survived much better than their colleagues from the control group (pollinating freely growing plants). After 6 days, the mortality in the lime group was 5-12 individuals, while in the control group there were around 30. Thus, even this hypothesis, so clear at first, is, so to speak, afloat...<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-816e1c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"816e1c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19123\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19123\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19123\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebee PLUS - Tree bumblebee (Bombus hypnorum) on small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) - Keila\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Cmelak-rokytovy-Bombus_hypnorum-na-lipe_-_Tilia_cordata_-_Keila-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19123\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tree bumblebee (Bombus hypnorum) on a small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata)<br \/>Photo: Keila<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0115ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0115ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"6\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"><strong>So, let's summarise.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4><ul><li><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">Four studied lime species (large-leaved lime, small-leaved lime, downy-leaved lime, and their hybrid common lime) differ both in the quantity of their flowers and their composition.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">The felt-leaved lime offered more flowers per cubic metre, more pollen grains per flower and more nectar than the other studied lime species.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">The total sugar content in lime nectar ranged from 0.24 mg per flower (in _Tilia tomentosa_) and 0.06 \u2013 0.10 mg (in the remaining three other species). Similar sugar volumes and concentrations were also found by other scientists (K\u00e4pyl\u00e4 1978; Pigott 1991; Krasenbrink et al. 1994; Baal et al. 1994; Ga\u0161i\u0107et al. 2014; Somme et al. 2016; Argoti2016).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">The linden nectar contained the optimal composition of nitrogenous substances and amino acids necessary for the development of larvae. The authors found that the \u201cmost deadly downy-leafed linden\u201c had the best nectar composition for pollinators.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\"><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">No potentially toxic components were found in the nectar, whether it was mannose or nicotine alkaloids. However, the toxic influence of other minor substances cannot be ruled out, although this seems very unlikely.<\/span><\/span><\/li><li>Jacquemart et al. did not record any increased mortality, even though the experiment took place in 2016, when climatic conditions during the monitored period (May to August) were normal, and a rainy spring was followed by a summer with average rainfall.<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Conclusion = neither of the possible hypotheses convincingly explains the cause of death of bumblebees under the lime trees.<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08f55b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08f55b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"#\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19146\" style=\"width: 924px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19146\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19146\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsaou-lipy-vrazedne-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2019-rotated.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Are lime trees really deadly?\" width=\"914\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsaou-lipy-vrazedne-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2019-rotated.jpg 914w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsaou-lipy-vrazedne-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2019-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsaou-lipy-vrazedne-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2019-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 914px) 100vw, 914px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19146\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Are lime trees really murderous?<br \/>Photo O. Hercog 7\/2019<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7e0692 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7e0692\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"7\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Alright, so the bumblebees are lying under the lime trees, why is that?<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>Key<\/strong> to explain the mystery is not in the lime trees, but rather in <strong>the lifecycle of bumblebees.<\/strong><\/p><p>Bumblebees are, however<b> prone to starvation<\/b> And adverse periods shorten the colony's lifespan.<\/p><p>Authored by Illies and M\u00fchlenem, it was monitored in 2007 <b>bumblebee mortality<\/b>, when their <b>maximum corresponded to the peak of the linden blossom<\/b> which seems to be<b> paradoxical as a single flower of this linden tree is capable of producing 3-4mg of nectar per day<\/b>. This is <b>much more than all other commonly planted trees in cities are capable of<\/b>. Consequently, even after more than a decade, research into this relationship has not been fully elucidated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27ac0c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27ac0c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"#\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19160\" style=\"width: 2026px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19160\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19160\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Are lindens really murderous? Photo O. Hercog 7\/2020\" width=\"2016\" height=\"1134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020.jpg 2016w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020-1232x693.jpg 1232w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Opravdu-jsou-lipy-vrazedne-3-Ondrej-Hercog-7_2020-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2016px) 100vw, 2016px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19160\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Are lime trees really murderous?<br \/>Photo O. Hercog 7\/2020<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-082dab9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"082dab9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"8\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Hypothesis three\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4><p>However, a third hypothesis also presents itself, which is that <strong>Everything is actually perfectly fine.<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Don't believe your eyes? Don't, because you might be witnessing an optical illusion, a logistical redistribution in nature. <strong>Lime trees<\/strong> (and that woolly one last) because to<strong>vetoed at a time when most bumblebee colonies are reaching their peak and nests are entering a period of decline<\/strong>. <br \/>It's connected <strong>with the natural death of workers,<\/strong> which mostly occurs outside the nest (startle), but sometimes also in males.\u00a0<\/p><p>Given that individual bumblebees have a short lifespan of around a month, <strong>The mortality rate at this time is high<\/strong>.<br \/>M\u00dcHLEN et al. (1992, 1994) found that the majority of dead bumblebees are exclusively workers, which can support this hypothesis. Given that bumblebees tend to choose the best source they remember and forage there until their bodies are torn apart, and considering the fact that urban green space management does not offer them another nectar and pollen source as rich as linden trees, it seems quite logical that they are all on the linden trees. And since linden trees are planted in areas with paving, bare earth, or at most some short-mown, sun-scorched grass, the dead bodies of the workers are more easily visible to us than naturally deceased bumblebees anywhere else. However, this is also a hypothesis, and we currently lack scientific data. If you look closely, you will not find bumblebee queens under the linden trees.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c6500c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c6500c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"#\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19150\" style=\"width: 760px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19150\" class=\"wp-image-19150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ondrej-Hercog.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Garden Bumblebee (Bombus hortorum) male - Ond\u0159ej Hercog\" width=\"750\" height=\"999\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ondrej-Hercog.jpg 1248w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ondrej-Hercog-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ondrej-Hercog-768x1023.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ondrej-Hercog-1153x1536.jpg 1153w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ondrej-Hercog-1232x1642.jpg 1232w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Ondrej-Hercog-810x1080.jpg 810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19150\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garden bumblebee (Bombus hortorum) male<br \/>Photo: O. Hercog<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e758b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e758b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"9\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4><ul><li>Don't believe in toxic linden trees. Toxins in them have not been proven.<\/li><li>Under the lime trees, you will primarily find bumblebees whose lives are ending \u2013 worker castes and sometimes males, primarily of early species.<\/li><\/ul><p>Well, would you have expected it? Something so clear, given by simple common sense? We certainly wouldn't have. So let's not fall into the delusion that nature is simple and that we understand it.<\/p><p><strong>We'll say goodbye with a quote from the greatest Czech thinker (and undoubtedly a bombusophile) J\u00e1ra Cimrman and his theory of knowledge: \u201eWe know everything = we know nothing\".<\/strong>\u201e.\u00a0<br \/>A modest addition from us: \u201eLet us approach everything with this awareness, so that we do not cause more harm than good.\u201c.<\/p><p><b>Let's be glad for our national trees \u2013 the beautiful lime trees<\/b>. They are beautiful and deserve our attention and love.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b54e2ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b54e2ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"#\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"attachment_19229\" style=\"width: 910px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19229\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19229\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Solopysky-kaple-Foto-cestyapamatky_cz.jpg\" alt=\"Bumblebees PLUS - Chapel Solopysky - Photos by cestyapamatky_cz\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Solopysky-kaple-Foto-cestyapamatky_cz.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Solopysky-kaple-Foto-cestyapamatky_cz-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cmelaciplus.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Cmelaci-PLUS-Solopysky-kaple-Foto-cestyapamatky_cz-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19229\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solopysky \u2013 lime tree and chapel<br \/>Foto cestyapamatky.cz<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5deda8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5deda8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"10\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Regarding the lime trees from our article<\/strong><\/h4><ul><li>Silver lime (Tilia tomentosa) \u2013 see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADpa_st%C5%99%C3%ADbrn%C3%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/li><li>Lime (Tilia euchlora) - see <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADpa_zelen%C3%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/li><li>Small-leaved lime or heart-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) \u2013 see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADpa_malolist%C3%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/li><li>Large-leaved lime or broad-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos) \u2013 see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%ADpa_velkolist%C3%A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1lezy mrtv\u00fdch \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f pod lipami &#8211; p\u0159ehledov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek Co se zde dozv\u00edte pro\u010d v pr\u016fb\u011bhu l\u00e9ta nach\u00e1z\u00edme pod kvetouc\u00edmi lipami mrtv\u00e9 \u010dmel\u00e1ky jsou l\u00edpy toxick\u00e9, nebo jsou tam mrtv\u00ed \u010dmel\u00e1ci z jin\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu? Datum posledn\u00ed aktualizace: 20\/7\/2021 Obsah \u00davodJak je to s l\u00edpami a mrtv\u00fdmi \u010dmel\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 pod nimi nach\u00e1z\u00edte?Zd\u00e1n\u00ed klamePrvn\u00ed hypot\u00e9zaDruh\u00e1 hypot\u00e9zaTedy si to&nbsp;&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19141,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"wf_page_folders":[22],"class_list":["post-629","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vra\u017eedn\u00e9 l\u00edpy? &#8211; \u010cmel\u00e1ci PLUS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P\u0159ehledov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek o v\u00fdzkumech n\u00e1lez\u016f mrtv\u00fdch \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f pod lipami. Jsou l\u00edpy pro \u010dmel\u00e1ky toxick\u00e9 \u010di nikoliv? 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